Internal combustion engine



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936 c. T. DOMAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed July 7, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. fi z'i ID WZ ATTORNEYS.

f atented Apr. 21

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COIVIBUSTION ENGINE Carl T. Doman, Syracuse, N. Y., assignor to Doman & Marks, Syracuse, N. Y., a copartnershi p composed of Carl T. Doman and Edward S. Marks Application July 7, 1933, Serial No. 679,389

6 Claims. (Cl. 123-195) This invention relates to internal combustion stud holding it, the metal underlying the nut on engines, and has for its object, a cylinder conthe stud, or the washer underneath the nut, will struction whereby the barrel and head, or the be subje to very h c mpr ve stresses, barrel orhead is formed of an aluminum alloyhavand under high temperatures these stresses are ing an insert of steel or ferrous metal alloy havliable to exceed the elastic limit of the aluminum,

ing approximately the same coefficient of expanor aluminum alloy. This results in permanent sion as the aluminum alloy, as nickel steel. It setting and hence in looseness of the aluminum further has for its object, a head construction for head when the engine cools, and clearances or internal combustion engines wherein the heads leaks between the head and the cylinder, or be- 10 are of a metal, as aluminum alloy, having a tween the head and the gasket, or between the 10 greater coefiicient of expansion than the cast gasket and the cylinder.

iron barrels of the cylinders, the heads having The principal object of this invention is to reinforcing inserts of nickel steel metal, so that reinforce the head, or the portion thereof nearest the head can be bolted in the ordinary manner to the cylinder, with an insert of a metal having the cast iron cylinder barrel, and be held tight about the same coefficient of expansion as the against the barrels, or the gasket between them, aluminum alloy, as a alloy of nickel and Steel, without warping and separating from the end of or n ckel and Cast iron.

the cylinder, or from the gasket, and hence avoid- The invention is adapted for Water cooled, ing leakage at the gasket surface, that is, preventair ooled en ines, and I have shown it as eming the formation of clearances between the cylbodied in a Cooled engines, as it is especially 20 45 cylinder.

inder head and the cylinder barrel. useful in air cooled engines.

It further has for its object, a cylinder head of In igures 1 and 2, I designates an aluminum an aluminum alloy where the head is shrunk on, alloy head a d 2 the barrel of the Cylinder, and or screwed on the barrel of the cylinder with an the latter, in an air cooled engin is P d d insert of nickel steel alloy for reinforcing and rewith heat radiating fla as 3, and in a water 25 lieving the aluminum of the holding strains. 0001601 engine W th a Water jacket. The head The invention consists in the novel features may also be provided either With heat radiating and in the combinations and constructions hereflanges, a Water j cket. matt s t f rth nd l i d, 4 designates an insert of a metal, as an alloy In describing this invention, reference is had 0f nickel and ferrous metal, having about he 30 to the accompanying drawings in which like char- Same Coefficient of expansion as aluminum a y, acters designate corresponding parts in all the this being located 0 embedded in the head in i the portion thereof which abuts against the end Figure 1 is fragmentary ti ti l of the barrel of the cylinder. In case of a single view of .a cylinder in which the barrel and head cylinder. this insert would be annular in general 35 are formed of aluminum, and each provided with form, and in Case of a multi-cylindel", as ShOWn a reinforcing insert of nickel steel alloy, the head in Figure W d be of the outline of the marbeing of a modified F'type. gin of a head common to a plurality of cylinders.

Figure 2 is a plan i of parts Seen i Figure 1 The insert may be provided with bosses 5 at suit- 40 howing head Common t a plurality as pair able intervals and formed with holes 6 for receiv- .0 of cylinders. ing e studs 1 projecting upwardly from the Figure 3 is a view, similar to Figure 1, of cyl- Cylinder, the cylinder block, 011 the pp r end jnder head construction embodying my invention of which studs nuts 8 are screwed to secure the where the head is shrunk onto the barrel of the head o the cylinder, the cylinder block- Owing to the insert, which is rigid, the aluminum head Figure 4 is a fragmentary view similar to Figdoes not lose its strength when subjected to the ure 3 showing the head as screwed onto the barrel temperatures of h bustion chamber and of the cylinder. hence, leakage at the gasket 9 between the head Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing and the Cylinder, the Cylinder block, s prethe engine embodying this invention with the Vented and u e Of the disadvantages of 5 valve ports in the head. the use of an aluminum head is avoided. As

Aluminum heads may be held in place by means here shown, the insert is channel shaped in cross of steel studs screwed into the cylinder, or cylsection or a cross section taken through any art inder block. As the aluminum head will expand thereof consists of an intermediate upright web 56 at a considerably greater rate than the bolt or and opposing side flanges. The cylinder, illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, is of the outside valve typ that is, an F head, although the type of head is of no consequence, insofar as my insert is concerned, except that the insert is formed with loops 25 or offsets around the valve ports so that the continuity of the insert is not broken. By F head is meant a head structure. in which the valves are located in a. lateral ofiset as in an L head engine, but with one valve in the bottom and the other in the top of the offset.

In Figure 1, the barrel of the cylinder is also formed of an aluminum alloy with an insert [0 of a nickel ferrous metal alloy having approximately the same coefficient ofexpansion as the aluminum alloy, this being. embedded in the aluminum alloy but arranged to form a liner for the barrel on which liner the piston works.

In Figure 3, a head I I is shown which is shrunk on the cylinder I2, and the head reinforced by an annular insert l3 in the portion thereof which surrounds the upper margin of the barrel of the cylinder.

Figure 4, the head 2| is shown as screwed on the cylinder 22, and the insert 23 located or embedded in the threaded margin of the head.

In Figure 5, the cylinder head is formed with valve seats and ports 26, 21 in line with the barrel, that is, they are located inthe circle of the head end of the barrel instead of being offset or outside of the circle as in Figure 1.

In forming the head and the barrel with the inserts, the aluminum alloy is cast around the inserts, and the inserts, being of the same coeflicient of expansion as the aluminum alloy, rigidly unite with the head and do not develop looseness.

What I claim is:

1. In an engine construction, a cylinder, an aluminum alloy head having a reinforcing insert in the margin thereof which is adjacent the barrel, said insert extending entirely around the margin of the head and embedded within the same and being of a metal having approximately the same coeffici'ent of expansion as the aluminum alloy.

2. In an engine construction, a cylinder, an aluminum alloy head having an insert in the portion thereof which is adjacent the barrel of the cylinder, said insert extending entirely around the margin of the head and embedded within the same and being nickel ferrous metal alloy having approximately the same coefficient of expansion as the aluminum alloy.

3. In an engine construction, a cylinder, a detachable head of aluminum alloy for the cylinder, the head being opposed to the upper edge of the cylinder with a gasket between the opposing edges, the head having an insert of nickel ferrous metal alloy having approximately the same coefiicient of expansion as the aluminum alloy, said insert extending entirely around the margin of the head and embedded within the same and being located in the portion of the head which is adjacent the cylinder, and being provided with bosses for studs extending upwardly from the cylinder barrel, and forming part of the means for securing the head to the cylinder barrel.

4. In an engine construction, a cylinder, an aluminum alloy head having its margin enclosing and snugly fitting the upper margin of the barrel of the cylinder, and an insert extending entirely around the margin of the head and embedded within the same and being of nickel ferrous metal alloy, having approximately the same coefficient of expansion as the aluminum alloy,

located in the portion of the head enclosing the margin of the cylinder barrel.

5. In an internal combustion engine construction, a head part and a barrel part, one of said partsbeing formed of an aluminum alloy and 3';

having a reinforcing insert therein, said insert extending circumferentially throughout the entire margin of the part in which it isembedded and being of a nickel steel alloy having approximately the same coefficient of expansion as the aluminum alloy.

6. In an internal combustion engine construction, an aluminum alloy barrel, and an aluminum alloy head secured to the barrel, the barrel having an insert embedded therein and forming a liner of a nickel steel alloy having approximately the same coefficient of expansion as the aluminum alloy, and the head having a reinforcing insert in the portion thereof adjacent the barrel, which insert extends entirely around the margin of the head and embedded within the same and is of a nickel steel alloy having approximately the same coefiicient of expansion as the aluminum alloy.

CARL T. DOMAN. 

